Classical Antiquity (Greco-Roman) c. 800 BCE–476 CE — City-states, Roman Republic/Empire.
Late Antiquity c. 250–750 — Transition from Rome to post-Roman kingdoms; Christianization.
High Middle Ages c. 1000–1250 — Feudal orders, growth of towns/universities, Romanesque → Gothic.
Renaissance c. 1350–1600 — Humanism, classical revival in arts, letters, and science.
Age of Discovery c. 1400–1700 — Atlantic exploration, colonial expansion, global trade links.
Scientific Revolution c. 1543–1700 — Copernican astronomy, new methods, early modern science.
Baroque Era c. 1600–1750 — Court culture, exuberant art/architecture, absolutist states.
Enlightenment (Age of Reason) c. 1685–1815 — Reason, rights, encyclopedism; salons and republics of letters.
Romantic Era c. 1780–1850 — Emotion, nation, nature in arts and politics.
Modernism c. 1890–1945 — Artistic/ideological breaks with tradition; mass culture.
Information / Globalization Age c. 1990–present — Internet, financial and cultural interconnection.
Entitlement (Age of Myopia) c. 2020–present — Mobile, social platforms, AI, datafication, home delivery.
